 1284 - 1327 (43 years)
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| Name |
Edward Plantagenet |
| Title |
King of England |
| Suffix |
II |
| Born |
25 Apr 1284 |
Caernarfon, Gwynedd, Wales  [1] |
| Gender |
Male |
| Ruled |
forced to abdicate |
| Birth |
25 Apr 1284 |
Caernarfon Castle, Caernarfon, Gwynedd, Wales [1] |
| Ruled |
Between 1307 and 1327 |
| King of England |
| Burial |
1327 |
Gloucester Cathedral, Gloucester, Gloucestershire, England [1] |
| Buried |
1327 |
Gloucester, Gloucestershire, England [1] |
| Death |
Sep 1327 |
Berkeley Castle, Berkeley, Gloucestershire, England [1] |
| Died |
Sep 1327 |
Berkeley, Gloucestershire, England [1] |
| Person ID |
I6550 |
mytree |
| Last Modified |
20 Jul 2022 |
| Father |
Edward Plantagenet, I, b. 17 Jun 1239, Westminster, London, England , d. 7 Jul 1307, Burgh by Sands, Cumberland, England (Age 68 years) |
| Relationship |
natural |
| Mother |
Eleanor Castile, b. Abt 1244, Castilla y Leon, Spain , d. 24 Nov 1290, Harby, Nottinghamshire, England (Age ~ 46 years) |
| Relationship |
natural |
| Married |
18 Oct 1254 |
Burgos, Castilla-Leon, Spain [2] |
| Married |
Abbey of Las Huelgas, Burgos, Castilla-Leon, Spain [2] |
| Abbey of Santa María la Real de Las Huelgas |
| Family ID |
F977 |
Group Sheet | Family Chart |
| Family |
Isabella, b. Abt 1295, Paris, Île-de-France, France , d. 22 Aug 1358, Hertford, Hertfordshire, England (Age ~ 63 years) |
| Married |
25 Jan 1308 |
Boulogne, Pas-de-Calais, Nord-Pas-de-Calais, France [3] |
| Children |
| + | 1. Edward Plantagenet, III, b. 13 Nov 1312, Windsor, Berkshire, England , d. 21 Jun 1377, Richmond, Richmond upon Thames, London, England (Age 64 years) [natural] |
|
| Last Modified |
20 Jul 2022 |
| Family ID |
F1588 |
Group Sheet | Family Chart |
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| Event Map |
|
 | Born - 25 Apr 1284 - Caernarfon, Gwynedd, Wales |
 |
 | Birth - 25 Apr 1284 - Caernarfon Castle, Caernarfon, Gwynedd, Wales |
|
 | Married - 25 Jan 1308 - Boulogne, Pas-de-Calais, Nord-Pas-de-Calais, France |
|
 | Burial - 1327 - Gloucester Cathedral, Gloucester, Gloucestershire, England |
|
 | Buried - 1327 - Gloucester, Gloucestershire, England |
|
 | Death - Sep 1327 - Berkeley Castle, Berkeley, Gloucestershire, England |
|
 | Died - Sep 1327 - Berkeley, Gloucestershire, England |
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| Notes |
- Edward II (born 1284, ruled 1307-27), the son of Edward I, was the first English prince of Wales (see Wales). He was tall and handsome like his father, but he was a coward in battle; and in spite of his father's careful training he had no aptitude for government. His reign was one of disorder and disaster. He continued the war with Scotland that his father had begun. The Scottish leader, Bruce, defeated the English forces in the famous battle of Bannockburn (1314) and compelled Edward to recognize the independence of Scotland.
In 1326 the king's enemies planned a widespread revolt. They easily captured the king, and in January 1327 Parliament declared him deposed and set in his place his young son Edward III. Eight months later the deposed king was brutally murdered.
Excerpted from Compton's Interactive Encyclopedia, Copyright c 1993, 1994 Compton's NewMedia, Inc.
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Edward II (1284-1327), Plantagenet king of England (1307-27, whose incompetence and distaste for government finally led to his deposition and murder.
Edward was born on April 25, 1284, at Caernarvon, Wales, the fourth son of King Edward I and his first wife, Eleanor of Castile. The deaths of his older brothers made the infant prince heir to the throne; in 1301 he was proclaimed prince of Wales, the first heir apparent in English history to bear that title. The prince was idle and frivolous, with no liking for military campaigning or affairs of state. Believing that the prince's close friend Piers Gaveston (died 1312), a Gascon knight, was a bad influence on the prince, Edward I banished Gaveston. On his father's death, however, Edward II recalled his favorite. Gavestone incurred the opposition of the powerful English barony. The nobles were particularly angered in 1308, when Edward made Gaveston regent for the period of the king's absence in France, where he went to marry Isabella (1292-1358), daughter of King Philip IV. In 1311 the barons, led by Thomas, earl of Lancaster (1277?-1322), forced the king to appoint from among them a committee of 21 noblemen and prelates, call the lords ordainers. They proclaimed a series of ordinances that transferred the ruling power to themselves and excluded the commons and lower clergy from Parliament. After they had twice forced the king to banish Gaveston, and the king had each time recalled him, the barons finally had the king's favorite kidnapped and executed (1312).
In the meantime Robert Bruce had almost completed his reconquest of Scotland, which he had begun shortly after 1305. In 1314 Edward II and his barons raised an army of some 100,000 men, with which to crush Bruce, but in the attempt to lift the siege of Stirling were decisively defeated (see Bannockburn, Battle of). For the following eight years the earl of Lancaster viturally ruled the kingdom. In 1322, however, with the advice and help of two new royal favorites, the baron Hugh le Despenser the Elder, and his son Hugh the Younger, Edward defeated Lancaster in battle and had him executed. The Despensers thereupon became de facto rulers of England. They summoned a Parliament in which the commons were included and which repealed the ordinances of 1311 on the ground they had been passed by the barons only. The repeal was a great step forward in English constitutional development, for it meant that thenceforth no law passed by Parliament was valid unless the House of Comman approved it.
Edward again futilely invaded Scotland in 1322, and in 1323 signed a 13-year truce with Bruce. In 1325 Queen Isabella accompanied the prince of Wales to France, where, in accordance with feudal custom, he did homage to king Charles IV for the fief of Aquitaine. Isabella, who desired to depose the Despensers, allied herself with some barons who had been exiled by Edward. In 1326, with their leader Roger de Mortimer (1287?-1330) Isabella raised an army and invaded England. Edward and his favorites fled, but his wife's army pursued and executed the Despensers and imprisoned Edward. In January 1327, Parliament forced Edward to resign and proclaimed the prince of Wales king as Edward III.On September 21 of that year Edward II was murdered by his captors at Berkeley Castle, Gloucestershire.
"Edward II," Microsoft (R) Encarta. Copyright (c) 1993 Microsoft Corporation. Copyright (c) 1993 Funk & Wagnall's Corporation
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World Book Encyclopedia
Edward II (1284-1327) was one of the most unsuccessful kings in English history. He was a poor general and was disliked by nearly all his barons and even by his wife, Queen Isabella.
Edward, a member of the Plantagenet royal family, was born in Caernarfon, Wales. He was the first heir to the English throne to receive the title Prince of Wales. He succeeded his father, Edward I, in 1307. The young king's reign was troubled by many political trials and executions. In 1314, he lost an important battle to the Scottish leader Robert Bruce at Bannockburn, Scotland.
In 1325, Queen Isabella visited France. From there, she and her lover, Roger Mortimer, organized an invasion of England. They and their supporters forced Edward to give up the throne to his son Edward III in 1327. Edward II was murdered that year.
Contributor: John Gillingham, Senior Lecturer, London School of Economics and Political Science, Univ. of London.
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